# Copyright 2011-present MongoDB, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you
# may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You
# may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
# permissions and limitations under the License.


"""Tools to parse and validate a MongoDB URI."""
from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
import warnings
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Mapping,
    MutableMapping,
    Optional,
    Sized,
    Union,
    cast,
)
from urllib.parse import unquote_plus

from pymongo.client_options import _parse_ssl_options
from pymongo.common import (
    INTERNAL_URI_OPTION_NAME_MAP,
    SRV_SERVICE_NAME,
    URI_OPTIONS_DEPRECATION_MAP,
    _CaseInsensitiveDictionary,
    get_validated_options,
)
from pymongo.errors import ConfigurationError, InvalidURI
from pymongo.srv_resolver import _HAVE_DNSPYTHON, _SrvResolver
from pymongo.typings import _Address

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from pymongo.pyopenssl_context import SSLContext

SCHEME = "mongodb://"
SCHEME_LEN = len(SCHEME)
SRV_SCHEME = "mongodb+srv://"
SRV_SCHEME_LEN = len(SRV_SCHEME)
DEFAULT_PORT = 27017


def _unquoted_percent(s: str) -> bool:
    """Check for unescaped percent signs.

    :Parameters:
        - `s`: A string. `s` can have things like '%25', '%2525',
           and '%E2%85%A8' but cannot have unquoted percent like '%foo'.
    """
    for i in range(len(s)):
        if s[i] == "%":
            sub = s[i : i + 3]
            # If unquoting yields the same string this means there was an
            # unquoted %.
            if unquote_plus(sub) == sub:
                return True
    return False


def parse_userinfo(userinfo: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
    """Validates the format of user information in a MongoDB URI.
    Reserved characters that are gen-delimiters (":", "/", "?", "#", "[",
    "]", "@") as per RFC 3986 must be escaped.

    Returns a 2-tuple containing the unescaped username followed
    by the unescaped password.

    :Parameters:
        - `userinfo`: A string of the form <username>:<password>
    """
    if "@" in userinfo or userinfo.count(":") > 1 or _unquoted_percent(userinfo):
        raise InvalidURI(
            "Username and password must be escaped according to "
            "RFC 3986, use urllib.parse.quote_plus"
        )

    user, _, passwd = userinfo.partition(":")
    # No password is expected with GSSAPI authentication.
    if not user:
        raise InvalidURI("The empty string is not valid username.")

    return unquote_plus(user), unquote_plus(passwd)


def parse_ipv6_literal_host(
    entity: str, default_port: Optional[int]
) -> tuple[str, Optional[Union[str, int]]]:
    """Validates an IPv6 literal host:port string.

    Returns a 2-tuple of IPv6 literal followed by port where
    port is default_port if it wasn't specified in entity.

    :Parameters:
        - `entity`: A string that represents an IPv6 literal enclosed
                    in braces (e.g. '[::1]' or '[::1]:27017').
        - `default_port`: The port number to use when one wasn't
                          specified in entity.
    """
    if entity.find("]") == -1:
        raise ValueError(
            "an IPv6 address literal must be enclosed in '[' and ']' according to RFC 2732."
        )
    i = entity.find("]:")
    if i == -1:
        return entity[1:-1], default_port
    return entity[1:i], entity[i + 2 :]


def parse_host(entity: str, default_port: Optional[int] = DEFAULT_PORT) -> _Address:
    """Validates a host string

    Returns a 2-tuple of host followed by port where port is default_port
    if it wasn't specified in the string.

    :Parameters:
        - `entity`: A host or host:port string where host could be a
                    hostname or IP address.
        - `default_port`: The port number to use when one wasn't
                          specified in entity.
    """
    host = entity
    port: Optional[Union[str, int]] = default_port
    if entity[0] == "[":
        host, port = parse_ipv6_literal_host(entity, default_port)
    elif entity.endswith(".sock"):
        return entity, default_port
    elif entity.find(":") != -1:
        if entity.count(":") > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "Reserved characters such as ':' must be "
                "escaped according RFC 2396. An IPv6 "
                "address literal must be enclosed in '[' "
                "and ']' according to RFC 2732."
            )
        host, port = host.split(":", 1)
    if isinstance(port, str):
        if not port.isdigit() or int(port) > 65535 or int(port) <= 0:
            raise ValueError(f"Port must be an integer between 0 and 65535: {port!r}")
        port = int(port)

    # Normalize hostname to lowercase, since DNS is case-insensitive:
    # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4343
    # This prevents useless rediscovery if "foo.com" is in the seed list but
    # "FOO.com" is in the hello response.
    return host.lower(), port


# Options whose values are implicitly determined by tlsInsecure.
_IMPLICIT_TLSINSECURE_OPTS = {
    "tlsallowinvalidcertificates",
    "tlsallowinvalidhostnames",
    "tlsdisableocspendpointcheck",
}


def _parse_options(opts: str, delim: Optional[str]) -> _CaseInsensitiveDictionary:
    """Helper method for split_options which creates the options dict.
    Also handles the creation of a list for the URI tag_sets/
    readpreferencetags portion, and the use of a unicode options string.
    """
    options = _CaseInsensitiveDictionary()
    for uriopt in opts.split(delim):
        key, value = uriopt.split("=")
        if key.lower() == "readpreferencetags":
            options.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
        else:
            if key in options:
                warnings.warn(f"Duplicate URI option '{key}'.", stacklevel=2)
            if key.lower() == "authmechanismproperties":
                val = value
            else:
                val = unquote_plus(value)
            options[key] = val

    return options


def _handle_security_options(options: _CaseInsensitiveDictionary) -> _CaseInsensitiveDictionary:
    """Raise appropriate errors when conflicting TLS options are present in
    the options dictionary.

    :Parameters:
        - `options`: Instance of _CaseInsensitiveDictionary containing
          MongoDB URI options.
    """
    # Implicitly defined options must not be explicitly specified.
    tlsinsecure = options.get("tlsinsecure")
    if tlsinsecure is not None:
        for opt in _IMPLICIT_TLSINSECURE_OPTS:
            if opt in options:
                err_msg = "URI options %s and %s cannot be specified simultaneously."
                raise InvalidURI(
                    err_msg % (options.cased_key("tlsinsecure"), options.cased_key(opt))
                )

    # Handle co-occurence of OCSP & tlsAllowInvalidCertificates options.
    tlsallowinvalidcerts = options.get("tlsallowinvalidcertificates")
    if tlsallowinvalidcerts is not None:
        if "tlsdisableocspendpointcheck" in options:
            err_msg = "URI options %s and %s cannot be specified simultaneously."
            raise InvalidURI(
                err_msg
                % ("tlsallowinvalidcertificates", options.cased_key("tlsdisableocspendpointcheck"))
            )
        if tlsallowinvalidcerts is True:
            options["tlsdisableocspendpointcheck"] = True

    # Handle co-occurence of CRL and OCSP-related options.
    tlscrlfile = options.get("tlscrlfile")
    if tlscrlfile is not None:
        for opt in ("tlsinsecure", "tlsallowinvalidcertificates", "tlsdisableocspendpointcheck"):
            if options.get(opt) is True:
                err_msg = "URI option %s=True cannot be specified when CRL checking is enabled."
                raise InvalidURI(err_msg % (opt,))

    if "ssl" in options and "tls" in options:

        def truth_value(val: Any) -> Any:
            if val in ("true", "false"):
                return val == "true"
            if isinstance(val, bool):
                return val
            return val

        if truth_value(options.get("ssl")) != truth_value(options.get("tls")):
            err_msg = "Can not specify conflicting values for URI options %s and %s."
            raise InvalidURI(err_msg % (options.cased_key("ssl"), options.cased_key("tls")))

    return options


def _handle_option_deprecations(options: _CaseInsensitiveDictionary) -> _CaseInsensitiveDictionary:
    """Issue appropriate warnings when deprecated options are present in the
    options dictionary. Removes deprecated option key, value pairs if the
    options dictionary is found to also have the renamed option.

    :Parameters:
        - `options`: Instance of _CaseInsensitiveDictionary containing
          MongoDB URI options.
    """
    for optname in list(options):
        if optname in URI_OPTIONS_DEPRECATION_MAP:
            mode, message = URI_OPTIONS_DEPRECATION_MAP[optname]
            if mode == "renamed":
                newoptname = message
                if newoptname in options:
                    warn_msg = "Deprecated option '%s' ignored in favor of '%s'."
                    warnings.warn(
                        warn_msg % (options.cased_key(optname), options.cased_key(newoptname)),
                        DeprecationWarning,
                        stacklevel=2,
                    )
                    options.pop(optname)
                    continue
                warn_msg = "Option '%s' is deprecated, use '%s' instead."
                warnings.warn(
                    warn_msg % (options.cased_key(optname), newoptname),
                    DeprecationWarning,
                    stacklevel=2,
                )
            elif mode == "removed":
                warn_msg = "Option '%s' is deprecated. %s."
                warnings.warn(
                    warn_msg % (options.cased_key(optname), message),
                    DeprecationWarning,
                    stacklevel=2,
                )

    return options


def _normalize_options(options: _CaseInsensitiveDictionary) -> _CaseInsensitiveDictionary:
    """Normalizes option names in the options dictionary by converting them to
    their internally-used names.

    :Parameters:
        - `options`: Instance of _CaseInsensitiveDictionary containing
          MongoDB URI options.
    """
    # Expand the tlsInsecure option.
    tlsinsecure = options.get("tlsinsecure")
    if tlsinsecure is not None:
        for opt in _IMPLICIT_TLSINSECURE_OPTS:
            # Implicit options are logically the same as tlsInsecure.
            options[opt] = tlsinsecure

    for optname in list(options):
        intname = INTERNAL_URI_OPTION_NAME_MAP.get(optname, None)
        if intname is not None:
            options[intname] = options.pop(optname)

    return options


def validate_options(opts: Mapping[str, Any], warn: bool = False) -> MutableMapping[str, Any]:
    """Validates and normalizes options passed in a MongoDB URI.

    Returns a new dictionary of validated and normalized options. If warn is
    False then errors will be thrown for invalid options, otherwise they will
    be ignored and a warning will be issued.

    :Parameters:
        - `opts`: A dict of MongoDB URI options.
        - `warn` (optional): If ``True`` then warnings will be logged and
          invalid options will be ignored. Otherwise invalid options will
          cause errors.
    """
    return get_validated_options(opts, warn)


def split_options(
    opts: str, validate: bool = True, warn: bool = False, normalize: bool = True
) -> MutableMapping[str, Any]:
    """Takes the options portion of a MongoDB URI, validates each option
    and returns the options in a dictionary.

    :Parameters:
        - `opt`: A string representing MongoDB URI options.
        - `validate`: If ``True`` (the default), validate and normalize all
          options.
        - `warn`: If ``False`` (the default), suppress all warnings raised
          during validation of options.
        - `normalize`: If ``True`` (the default), renames all options to their
          internally-used names.
    """
    and_idx = opts.find("&")
    semi_idx = opts.find(";")
    try:
        if and_idx >= 0 and semi_idx >= 0:
            raise InvalidURI("Can not mix '&' and ';' for option separators.")
        elif and_idx >= 0:
            options = _parse_options(opts, "&")
        elif semi_idx >= 0:
            options = _parse_options(opts, ";")
        elif opts.find("=") != -1:
            options = _parse_options(opts, None)
        else:
            raise ValueError
    except ValueError:
        raise InvalidURI("MongoDB URI options are key=value pairs.") from None

    options = _handle_security_options(options)

    options = _handle_option_deprecations(options)

    if normalize:
        options = _normalize_options(options)

    if validate:
        options = cast(_CaseInsensitiveDictionary, validate_options(options, warn))
        if options.get("authsource") == "":
            raise InvalidURI("the authSource database cannot be an empty string")

    return options


def split_hosts(hosts: str, default_port: Optional[int] = DEFAULT_PORT) -> list[_Address]:
    """Takes a string of the form host1[:port],host2[:port]... and
    splits it into (host, port) tuples. If [:port] isn't present the
    default_port is used.

    Returns a set of 2-tuples containing the host name (or IP) followed by
    port number.

    :Parameters:
        - `hosts`: A string of the form host1[:port],host2[:port],...
        - `default_port`: The port number to use when one wasn't specified
          for a host.
    """
    nodes = []
    for entity in hosts.split(","):
        if not entity:
            raise ConfigurationError("Empty host (or extra comma in host list).")
        port = default_port
        # Unix socket entities don't have ports
        if entity.endswith(".sock"):
            port = None
        nodes.append(parse_host(entity, port))
    return nodes


# Prohibited characters in database name. DB names also can't have ".", but for
# backward-compat we allow "db.collection" in URI.
_BAD_DB_CHARS = re.compile("[" + re.escape(r'/ "$') + "]")

_ALLOWED_TXT_OPTS = frozenset(
    ["authsource", "authSource", "replicaset", "replicaSet", "loadbalanced", "loadBalanced"]
)


def _check_options(nodes: Sized, options: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
    # Ensure directConnection was not True if there are multiple seeds.
    if len(nodes) > 1 and options.get("directconnection"):
        raise ConfigurationError("Cannot specify multiple hosts with directConnection=true")

    if options.get("loadbalanced"):
        if len(nodes) > 1:
            raise ConfigurationError("Cannot specify multiple hosts with loadBalanced=true")
        if options.get("directconnection"):
            raise ConfigurationError("Cannot specify directConnection=true with loadBalanced=true")
        if options.get("replicaset"):
            raise ConfigurationError("Cannot specify replicaSet with loadBalanced=true")


def parse_uri(
    uri: str,
    default_port: Optional[int] = DEFAULT_PORT,
    validate: bool = True,
    warn: bool = False,
    normalize: bool = True,
    connect_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    srv_service_name: Optional[str] = None,
    srv_max_hosts: Optional[int] = None,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Parse and validate a MongoDB URI.

    Returns a dict of the form::

        {
            'nodelist': <list of (host, port) tuples>,
            'username': <username> or None,
            'password': <password> or None,
            'database': <database name> or None,
            'collection': <collection name> or None,
            'options': <dict of MongoDB URI options>,
            'fqdn': <fqdn of the MongoDB+SRV URI> or None
        }

    If the URI scheme is "mongodb+srv://" DNS SRV and TXT lookups will be done
    to build nodelist and options.

    :Parameters:
        - `uri`: The MongoDB URI to parse.
        - `default_port`: The port number to use when one wasn't specified
          for a host in the URI.
        - `validate` (optional): If ``True`` (the default), validate and
          normalize all options. Default: ``True``.
        - `warn` (optional): When validating, if ``True`` then will warn
          the user then ignore any invalid options or values. If ``False``,
          validation will error when options are unsupported or values are
          invalid. Default: ``False``.
        - `normalize` (optional): If ``True``, convert names of URI options
          to their internally-used names. Default: ``True``.
        - `connect_timeout` (optional): The maximum time in milliseconds to
          wait for a response from the DNS server.
        - `srv_service_name` (optional): A custom SRV service name

    .. versionchanged:: 4.6
       The delimiting slash (``/``) between hosts and connection options is now optional.
       For example, "mongodb://example.com?tls=true" is now a valid URI.

    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
       To better follow RFC 3986, unquoted percent signs ("%") are no longer
       supported.

    .. versionchanged:: 3.9
        Added the ``normalize`` parameter.

    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
        Added support for mongodb+srv:// URIs.

    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
        Return the original value of the ``readPreference`` MongoDB URI option
        instead of the validated read preference mode.

    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
        ``warn`` added so invalid options can be ignored.
    """
    if uri.startswith(SCHEME):
        is_srv = False
        scheme_free = uri[SCHEME_LEN:]
    elif uri.startswith(SRV_SCHEME):
        if not _HAVE_DNSPYTHON:
            python_path = sys.executable or "python"
            raise ConfigurationError(
                'The "dnspython" module must be '
                "installed to use mongodb+srv:// URIs. "
                "To fix this error install pymongo again:\n "
                "%s -m pip install pymongo>=4.3" % (python_path)
            )
        is_srv = True
        scheme_free = uri[SRV_SCHEME_LEN:]
    else:
        raise InvalidURI(f"Invalid URI scheme: URI must begin with '{SCHEME}' or '{SRV_SCHEME}'")

    if not scheme_free:
        raise InvalidURI("Must provide at least one hostname or IP.")

    user = None
    passwd = None
    dbase = None
    collection = None
    options = _CaseInsensitiveDictionary()

    host_part, _, path_part = scheme_free.partition("/")
    if not host_part:
        host_part = path_part
        path_part = ""

    if path_part:
        dbase, _, opts = path_part.partition("?")
    else:
        # There was no slash in scheme_free, check for a sole "?".
        host_part, _, opts = host_part.partition("?")

    if dbase:
        dbase = unquote_plus(dbase)
        if "." in dbase:
            dbase, collection = dbase.split(".", 1)
        if _BAD_DB_CHARS.search(dbase):
            raise InvalidURI('Bad database name "%s"' % dbase)
    else:
        dbase = None

    if opts:
        options.update(split_options(opts, validate, warn, normalize))
    if srv_service_name is None:
        srv_service_name = options.get("srvServiceName", SRV_SERVICE_NAME)
    if "@" in host_part:
        userinfo, _, hosts = host_part.rpartition("@")
        user, passwd = parse_userinfo(userinfo)
    else:
        hosts = host_part

    if "/" in hosts:
        raise InvalidURI("Any '/' in a unix domain socket must be percent-encoded: %s" % host_part)

    hosts = unquote_plus(hosts)
    fqdn = None
    srv_max_hosts = srv_max_hosts or options.get("srvMaxHosts")
    if is_srv:
        if options.get("directConnection"):
            raise ConfigurationError(f"Cannot specify directConnection=true with {SRV_SCHEME} URIs")
        nodes = split_hosts(hosts, default_port=None)
        if len(nodes) != 1:
            raise InvalidURI(f"{SRV_SCHEME} URIs must include one, and only one, hostname")
        fqdn, port = nodes[0]
        if port is not None:
            raise InvalidURI(f"{SRV_SCHEME} URIs must not include a port number")

        # Use the connection timeout. connectTimeoutMS passed as a keyword
        # argument overrides the same option passed in the connection string.
        connect_timeout = connect_timeout or options.get("connectTimeoutMS")
        dns_resolver = _SrvResolver(fqdn, connect_timeout, srv_service_name, srv_max_hosts)
        nodes = dns_resolver.get_hosts()
        dns_options = dns_resolver.get_options()
        if dns_options:
            parsed_dns_options = split_options(dns_options, validate, warn, normalize)
            if set(parsed_dns_options) - _ALLOWED_TXT_OPTS:
                raise ConfigurationError(
                    "Only authSource, replicaSet, and loadBalanced are supported from DNS"
                )
            for opt, val in parsed_dns_options.items():
                if opt not in options:
                    options[opt] = val
        if options.get("loadBalanced") and srv_max_hosts:
            raise InvalidURI("You cannot specify loadBalanced with srvMaxHosts")
        if options.get("replicaSet") and srv_max_hosts:
            raise InvalidURI("You cannot specify replicaSet with srvMaxHosts")
        if "tls" not in options and "ssl" not in options:
            options["tls"] = True if validate else "true"
    elif not is_srv and options.get("srvServiceName") is not None:
        raise ConfigurationError(
            "The srvServiceName option is only allowed with 'mongodb+srv://' URIs"
        )
    elif not is_srv and srv_max_hosts:
        raise ConfigurationError(
            "The srvMaxHosts option is only allowed with 'mongodb+srv://' URIs"
        )
    else:
        nodes = split_hosts(hosts, default_port=default_port)

    _check_options(nodes, options)

    return {
        "nodelist": nodes,
        "username": user,
        "password": passwd,
        "database": dbase,
        "collection": collection,
        "options": options,
        "fqdn": fqdn,
    }


def _parse_kms_tls_options(kms_tls_options: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]) -> dict[str, SSLContext]:
    """Parse KMS TLS connection options."""
    if not kms_tls_options:
        return {}
    if not isinstance(kms_tls_options, dict):
        raise TypeError("kms_tls_options must be a dict")
    contexts = {}
    for provider, options in kms_tls_options.items():
        if not isinstance(options, dict):
            raise TypeError(f'kms_tls_options["{provider}"] must be a dict')
        options.setdefault("tls", True)
        opts = _CaseInsensitiveDictionary(options)
        opts = _handle_security_options(opts)
        opts = _normalize_options(opts)
        opts = cast(_CaseInsensitiveDictionary, validate_options(opts))
        ssl_context, allow_invalid_hostnames = _parse_ssl_options(opts)
        if ssl_context is None:
            raise ConfigurationError("TLS is required for KMS providers")
        if allow_invalid_hostnames:
            raise ConfigurationError("Insecure TLS options prohibited")

        for n in [
            "tlsInsecure",
            "tlsAllowInvalidCertificates",
            "tlsAllowInvalidHostnames",
            "tlsDisableCertificateRevocationCheck",
        ]:
            if n in opts:
                raise ConfigurationError(f"Insecure TLS options prohibited: {n}")
            contexts[provider] = ssl_context
    return contexts


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import pprint

    try:
        pprint.pprint(parse_uri(sys.argv[1]))  # noqa: T203
    except InvalidURI as exc:
        print(exc)  # noqa: T201
    sys.exit(0)
